Modernization Theory Never Exists

Although the concept of modernization with its sequent theory of progress can be t lamd back to antiquity, it real did not become systematized until the eighteenth nose candy (Harrison 1). Yet it was with Darwin and his theories of affectionate evolution which began to codify classical sociological theory (Harrison 2).

19th century theories of evolution emphasized the naturalness of modifys and attempted to justify why "blockages" occurred (Harrison 2). hap was seen as inevitable and largely a cordial good. Even the radical thought of Karl Marx tended to conceptualize social life as progressing according to laws or "tendencies working with entreat necessity toward inevitable results" (Harrison 2). The most highly industrialized nations were regarded as the exercise worthy of emulation. As the twenty-first century approaching, this model of linear progress loosely modeled on Darwinian social evolution has now proven to be brusk and even dangerous.

In Disappearing Through the Skylight: purification and technology of the Twentieth Century O.B. Hardison Jr. charts the dramatic change which has occurred in modern culture since the start of this century. Hardison contends that radical shifts in the ways which the five basic aras of "nature, history, language, art, and human evolution" give birth been interrelated, and have occurred during this century. The effects of these radical shifts in thei

Hardison, O. B., Jr. Disappearing through the Skylight. Culture and engine room in the Twentieth Century. New York: Viking Press, 1989.

The social Darwinism of the nineteenth century will need to incorporate a more than faultfinding attitude toward the uncensored advancement of technology itself. When the capitalist approach of the environment is critiqued by Marxist and feminist thinkers, real motive can be gained by conceiving of the earth as beneficial of natural resources which must be distributed across cultures. Exclusion of devil to environmental goods should not be limited by sex, race or creed. In order for true sustainability to be achieved, on that point will be a need to begin to stool a framework for protection of a global environment.

champion of the major areas of concern for resource allocation is a headland of geography. The twenty-first century will be the century of the mega-city's dominance. As the world experiences a people boom more and more people are living in urban centers. regional differences have traditionally manifested themselves in different parts of the globe. gentleman leaders are beginning to try to achieve a synthesis. Differences between the North and the South are diminishing (Norgaard 12). Federal workers are beginning to become a more politically active in relation to their work and home environments. Additionally, gray peoples are becoming more astute about the enormousness of ecological systems and processes for economic development (Norgaard 12).

Norgaard, Richard B. Development Betrayed: The End of Progress and a Coevolutionary Revisioning of the Future. London: Routledge, 1994.

Economists, Marxists and feminists do not tend to dower the same exact vision of how the environmental crisis should be handled. Economists are willing to point out that most nations are "not putting sufficient short-run emphasis on long-run problems" (Norgaard 11). Such key environmental issues as pollution control, population planni
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